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Short Strand of RNA May Help Predict Survival and Response to Treatment for Patients with Liver Cancer
(Posted: 10/07/2009) - A small RNA molecule, known as a microRNA, may help physicians identify liver cancer patients who, in spite of their poor prognosis, could respond well to treatment with a biological agent called interferon. The finding, by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, and their partners at Fudan University, Shanghai, and the University of Hong Kong in China and at Ohio State University, Columbus, appeared in the Oct. 8, 2009, issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.
Gene Mutation Linked to Type of Childhood Cancer
(Posted: 10/05/2009) - Researchers have identified a gene that may play a role in the growth and spread of a childhood cancer called rhabdomyosarcoma, which develops in the body's soft tissues. The finding has revealed a potential new target for the treatment of this disease.
Gene Duplication Identified in an Uncommon Form of Bone Cancer
(Posted: 10/04/2009) - Scientists have discovered that a familial form of a rare bone cancer called chordoma is explained not by typical types of changes or mutations in the sequence of DNA in a gene, but rather by the presence of a second copy of an entire gene. Inherited large structural changes, known as copy number variations (CNVs), have been implicated in some hereditary diseases but have seldom been reported as the underlying basis for a familial cancer.
United States and Four Latin American Countries Partner to Battle Cancer
(Posted: 10/01/2009) - The United States National Cancer Institute formalized bilateral partnerships this week with the governments of Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Uruguay, to accelerate progress against cancer in Hispanic populations in the United States and Latin America and improve cancer research.
Drug That Crosses Blood-Brain Barrier Reduces Formation of Brain Metastases in Mice
(Posted: 09/29/2009) - The drug vorinostat is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce the development of large metastatic tumors in mice brains by 62 percent when compared to mice that did not receive the drug, according to a new study. In humans, the drug has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of a cancer called cutaneous T-cell lymphoma but can be used experimentally to study its effectiveness against other cancers.
News Note: MicroRNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers for Esophageal and Colon Cancers
(Posted: 09/29/2009) - Research performed in the lab of Curtis Harris, M.D., NCI, and collaborators, showed that microRNAs (miRNA) could be used as prognostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer as well in personalizing drug therapies for the disease. Additionally, miRNAs could be used to stratify patients who would benefit most from particular drug regimens.
Advances in Radiation Therapy for Cancer: NCI Science Writers Seminar
(Posted: 09/25/2009) - A science writers' seminar to discuss new treatments, technologies and research advances in radiation therapy for cancer. The opening of the new Roberts Proton Therapy Center at Penn Medicine, the world's largest proton therapy facility, highlights these growing trends in cancer care.
Scientists Identify Genetic Cause of Previously Undefined Primary Immune Deficiency Disease
(Posted: 09/23/2009) - NIH researchers have identified a genetic mutation that accounts for a perplexing condition found in people with an inherited immunodeficiency. The disorder, called combined immunodeficiency, is characterized by a constellation of severe health problems, including persistent bacterial and viral skin infections, severe eczema, acute allergies and asthma, and cancer.
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